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Antioxidant Supplement - Antioxidant Formula
POTENTIALLY THE WORLD'S MOST EFFECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT FORMULA with: Milk Thistle Extract, Curcumin C 3, Ginkgo Biloba Extract, High Quality Grape Seed Extract, Pine Bark Extract, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Bioflavonoids (Quercetin, Hesperidin, Rutin), Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B6, Co-Enzyme Q 10, Zinc L-Monomethione, Chromium, Selenium, L-Cysteine, and Glutathione.
Our health is our most important asset. As such, we need to protect and honor the bodies we live in while here on this Earth. One of the most effective means of protecting our health is by taking a complimentary combination of antioxidants. After extensive exploration of the current literature and research on antioxidants and health, Rich Anderson was able to put together what may well be the finest antioxidant formula available today. This formula provides an excellent combination of antioxidants that are highly effective in guarding our bodies from a wide spectrum of illnesses caused by toxic chemicals, poisons, poor diet, polluted air and water, stressors, and free radicals. Not only that, the antioxidants included in Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula can stimulate our body's immune response to help overcome existing disorders, for they can help normalize various hormone-like chemicals that control pain, fever, and inflammation. These antioxidants are also effective in combating cell-damaging free radicals, which are known to contribute to aging and disease. Studies have shown that antioxidants are uniquely different from one another and each may have a specific function in the body. However, they are also synergistic, and will work most effectively when they are used together. In the proper combination, they can perform a wide range of metabolic activities, free radical scavenging and preventative actions. For this reason, Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula uses a blend of antioxidants specifically designed to assist the body in overcoming a vast array of physiological stressors and to help avert the effects of aging and illness.
There are important reasons why we should combine diverse antioxidants:
1. When all of the necessary antioxidants spread throughout the body, they engage in a wide spectrum of metabolic activities simultaneously. Like a basketball team cooperating with each other for the purpose of acquiring a specific goal (to win the game), various antioxidants involved with their own unique activities assist each other in achieving a healthier body. In this manner, stress can be significantly reduced, thereby conserving energy and speeding up the elimination and healing processes.
2. Many antioxidants utilize other antioxidant nutrients that have been oxidized or used up while fighting the effects of free radicals.
3. They work synergistically.
For example: Vitamin E and selenium interact to provide strong protection against oxidative damage to the liver. Vitamins C and E as a team produce an antioxidant effect that is far greater than any one individual antioxidant, and they each help to protect each other from the onslaught of free-radicals. Selenium and Vitamin A work together to help prevent cancer1. Selenium also interacts with glutathione (GSH), which is a vital component in the production of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme which is essential for life. The liver can only survive for about 3 days without the action of GSH; hence, Rich Anderson’s antioxidant formula contains the essential supportive components of GSH activity - Selenium, GSH, L-Cysteine, Coenzyme Q10, and Beta-carotene. In a recent study on GSH and aging, it was found that GSH concentrations are positively correlated with age and good health. Chromium seems to have a regulatory role in glucose and insulin metabolism. Without glucose balance we become vulnerable to all sorts of diseases, including Candidiasis, hypoglycemia and a substantial increase of free radical activity. Therefore, adequate supplies of chromium assist all other antioxidants by reducing the need to battle free radicals. Both vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10 interact with vitamin E to regenerate its antioxidant form. When there are enough of the other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, selenium, and beta carotene, CoQ10 can significantly reduce free-radical damage in the liver, kidney and heart cells. Finally, as an antioxidant, lipoic (thioctic) acid is synergistic with vitamins C and E, and they work together as a team to produce an antioxidant effect that is far greater that any one individual antioxidant2.
The liver is the most important organ to care for. Without a good, strong liver, the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys and all the glands become vulnerable to various toxins, drugs, chemicals and poisons. Very few diseases can be established in the body as long as the liver is able to perform its full function. Therefore, Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula was not only designed to significantly help protect the liver, but also to help cleanse and strengthen the liver as well. Silymarin, curcumin C 3, lipoic acid, glutathione, selenium, and L-Cysteine prominently help detoxify the liver, strengthen and protect it. This is a brilliant combination. And what about the brain? Ginkgo Biloba is well known to strengthen the walls of even the smallest blood vessels and capillaries. It is known as the most effective nutrient for improving blood circulation to the brain. Ginkgo is effective in relieving migraine headaches and helps in improving the memory. Another important antioxidant for the brain is lipoic (thioctic) acid. In addition to its importance in the production of cellular metabolism, energy production, and its ability to detoxify tissue of heavy metals, lipoic acid is particularly important in protecting the integrity of neural (brain) tissue3
Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula does not compromise with the amounts of ginkgo and lipoic acid. It offers abundant amounts of the highest quality Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Lipoic acid available to do the job right.
Milk Thistle Extract (Silymarin standardized 80%)
Milk Thistle is an amazing herb and one of the most effective herbals in helping to detoxify the liver. It contains silymarin, a flavonoid complex. However, unlike other flavonoids, the action of silymarin is almost entirely relegated to the liver and the kidneys. In Europe, silymarin is commonly prescribed by physicians for liver-related disorders because it is so effective. After it is ingested, it is absorbed in the intestines, where it moves from the blood plasma to the bile and is concentrated in the liver cells. It is so effective at removing toxins that it is more proficient than any known drug or herb in treating and preventing morbidity in Amanita mushroom poisoning4. This is amazing considering that even with early medical intervention, the death rate is usually 30-40%5. Clinical studies have shown that silymarin is beneficial in the treatment of low platelet counts, abnormal liver function, and alcohol-induced liver disease and chronic hepatitis6 . Patients who have suffered from toxic liver damage, cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis have responded favorably to the benefits of silymarin. In a double blind study, patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease who were given silymarin were found to have effectively increased their immune system function, improved several liver function tests and beneficially altered liver histology7. This herb has also been shown to protect the liver from the many toxins we encounter in our daily lives. Silymarin is so important in maintaining liver health that Rich Anderson feels it is essential in a good antioxidant formula.
Curcumin (a high quality curcumin C 3 complex)
Curcuminoids are known to be effective blood purifiers, tonics, and stomachics, and are used as a treatment for liver and urinary tract diseases. Clinical studies have shown that curcuminoids are significantly more effective than pine bark extract or grape seed extract in preventing the buildup of tissue-injuring free radicals, especially those responsible for cardiovascular disease lipid peroxides8. It has been found that curcuminoids are eight times more powerful than vitamin E in their ability to prevent lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a free radical chain reaction that is normally produced by liver metabolism and inflamed tissues in the body9.Curcuminoids have a major anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis. In a double-blind clinical trial, curcumin produced significant improvement in 100% of the rheumatoid arthritis patients10.Curcumin has also shown to be effective against a variety of cancers in both animal and human studies. Some patients responded with a “dramatic clinical improvement within days”.11It has even been effective in detoxifying cigarette smoke mutagens and carcinogens12 . This compound has also shown to have antimicrobial properties. It has been found to inhibit the growth of gram negative bacteria, fungi and Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that causes severe devastation in patients with weakened immune and liver function13. It is one of the few medicinals that is effective against Aspergillus parasiticus, an aflatoxin which is known to cause injury to the liver and is suspected to be one of the causes of liver cancer14. Studies now show that curcuminoids can effectively inhibit HIV, the virus believed to cause AIDS.15,16 One of the reasons that curcuminoids may be so effective is that they increase the levels of glutathione S-transferase. This enzyme is perhaps the most important enzyme in the detoxification of tissue, especially of the liver. Another interesting fact is that curcuminoids were found to protect patients from tissue damage by some anticancer drugs, environmental toxins and pollutants. Interestingly, the drugs were generally more effective and less toxic when combined with curcuminoids.17
Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula uses the most effective form of Curcuminoids available, a high quality Curcumin C 3 complex, in an amount that has been shown to produce the beneficial effect on health and well being.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract (24% ginkgo flavone glycoside)
Ginkgo Biloba extract is derived from the ginkgo tree, one of the hardiest and longest-lived trees in the world. In fact, some live to be over 1,000 years old! It's not surprising, then, that the extract from these trees is used the world over to promote longevity, increase blood circulation to the brain as well as the rest of the body, as a remedy for cancer, venereal disease, asthma, and to increase sexual energy. In recent years, the scientific community has spent a great deal of energy investigating this remarkable herb in relation to its efficacy as a circulatory stimulant, as a treatment for senility and Alzheimer’s disease, and as a potent antioxidant. Ginkgo not only improves blood circulation, it also protects red blood cells and increases blood vessel tone, increases the uptake of oxygen and glucose in body tissue, and protects cell membranes in the brain as well as protecting the brain from free radical destruction and lipid peroxidation.18 The European medical community has recognized ginkgo as an effective compound in the treatment of cerebral insufficiency and for use in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.19 The results of clinical trials confirm that treatment with ginkgo improved cognitive performance and psychopathology to the point that patients exhibited an increased ability to cope with the demands of daily living. In another study, it was found that ginkgo scavenges primary and secondary free radicals. Still another reported gingko inhibits functional and morphological retinal damage due to lipoperoxide release and oxidation.20 A French study showed that pretreatment with ginkgo extract limits free-radical-induced oxidative stress in patients who had coronary bypass surgery.21There is no doubt that ginkgo biloba extract is a powerful antioxidant and cognitive memory enhancer. Rich Anderson adds a significant amount of the most effective Ginkgo extract available to his blend of antioxidants.
High Quality Grape Seed Extract, with 95% Proanthocyanidins
We have all heard about the remarkable benefits of drinking red wine in the prevention of heart disease. Recently, clinical studies have shown that proanthocyanidins from the grapes contained in red wine are probably responsible for these beneficial aspects. This extract is an all natural grape seed extract rich in biologically active flavonoids made by a unique process that eliminates the need for the toxic chemicals usually used in the process of extracting flavonoids. This extract is more readily absorbed and has a higher bioavailability than other dietary flavonoids. Biologically active flavonoids are potent antioxidant nutrients that neutralize free radicals, help maintain normal blood platelet function, help reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system and help retard the aging process. Proanthocyanindins (pycnogenols) are remarkable in their ability to scavenge free radicals and can thereby reduce the risk of disease states caused by oxidation in the body and brain.22 University studies have shown that the antioxidant activity of this extract is significantly greater than that of vitamins C, E, or beta carotene . In fact, this extract’s ability to scavenge superoxide anion radicals was about 75% greater than natural vitamin E succinate and over 300% greater than vitamin C. The recommended daily dosage of proanthocyanidins is 50-100 mgs. Rich Anderson’s formula contains 48 mgs of this extract plus 12 mgs of proanthocyanidins from pine bark extract for a total of 60 mgs.
Pine bark extract (85% Proanthocyanadins activity)
Pine bark extract, like grape seed extract, is a biologically active flavonoid that is also a powerful antioxidant. Also called pycnogenol, it is one of the very best defenses against free radicals. Not only does it help reduce the risk of cancer, it provides superior protection against toxins and pollutants, strengthens the immune system, and helps prevent premature aging and degenerative diseases. Health experts now recognize that more than 60 diseases are related to or caused by free-radical damage including cancer, heart disease and premature aging. For generations, Native Indians recognized that the bark or needles of the pine tree had incredible healing properties. For this reason they called the pine tree Annedda or the “tree of life”. In addition to the aforementioned benefits, proanthocyanadins such as those found in high quality grape seed extract and Pine Bark, also bind with collagen fibers to help restore skin elasticity, work as an anti-inflammatory, decrease the production of histamine, and reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Another advantage of proanthocyanidins is that they have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier thereby diminishing the damage of free radical oxidation in the brain. They are definitely a powerful means of fighting the damaging effects of free radical damage to the body.
Vitamin A (Beta Carotene from Dunaliella Salina)
Beta carotene is the preferred form of vitamin A because it is non-toxic and provides greater protection against cancer and is an antioxidant which attributes to its anti-cancer activity.23 Beta carotene has been shown in over 300 studies filed with the National Cancer Institute to have anti-cancer activities, especially in the promotional stage.24 It is also known to help prevent certain types of cancer, prevent or reduce the incidence of heart disease and to help lower cholesterol. Besides being an effective antioxidant, beta carotene has immune stimulating properties that are not found in vitamin A, for it actually enhances the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and the production of macrophages and interleukins, and has natural killer cell tumoricidal abilities.25,26 Vitamin A is important for weak eyesight, night blindness, and various other eye problems. This vitamin is necessary to build and maintain strong bones, teeth, gums, and beautiful hair and is essential for healthy skin. Vegetarians usually have a much greater intake of beta-carotenes than carnivorous humans which may account for their greater resistance to cancer, heart disease, and their having more beautiful hair and skin. This vitamin also helps build resistance to respiratory infections and is necessary for proper functioning of the immune system. It even is known to remove age (liver) spots. Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula includes 21,000 IU of beta carotene from Dunaliella salina, a microscopic algae which produces one of the richest and most well-absorbed sources of beta carotene available. Besides being the finest source of beta carotene, Dunaliella Salina also contains many other nutritional benefits that algae have.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid from Ascorbyl Palmitate and beet sugar)
Vitamin C is essential to the body as both an antioxidant and as a nutritional supplement. It prevents scurvy, a deficiency disease which results in bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and extensive bruising. Another one of vitamin C's primary functions is the manufacture of the protein collagen, which is a primary component of all connective tissue. While there has been a great deal of controversy about the role of vitamin C in enhancing immune system function, there is evidence that it can improve the immune system, prevent the formation of blood clots, improve lung function, speed the healing of wounds and help in the prevention of cancer. Studies have shown that vitamin C protects cellular structures from the effects of oxidation. As a free radical scavenger, vitamin C is considered by some to be the body's most important antioxidant. It protects the eyes from the effects of ultraviolet light, helps prevent cataracts, and helps to prevent cardiovascular disease by impeding fats from being oxidized. It can prevent dangerous nitrites from being converted to nitrosomes compounds, which are the cause of oral and gastric cancers among smokers and those who chew tobacco, and it protects against the effects of pollution. Vitamin C works synergistically with vitamin E and can regenerate vitamin E as it becomes depleted (and toxic to the body in the process) in its own fight against free radicals. It also has a synergistic and reciprocal relationship with glutathione: ascorbate spares glutathione and increases mitochondrial glutathione in glutathione deficient animals. Glutathione and vitamin C also work together in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage.27,28 Vitamin C, along with thiamin and cysteine, provides complete protection against free-radical acetylaldehyde destruction in animals.29 Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula includes 600 mg of ascorbic acid from ascorbyl palmitate and beet sugar, a superior source of vitamin C.
Vitamin E (Natural d-alpha tocopheryl succinate)
Vitamin E is one of the most potent of antioxidants. It is of crucial significance in many diseases, including arthritis, cataracts, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Various studies have shown that this vitamin can reverse tumor growth in animals.30,31,32 It is also important for those who exercise strenuously or are exposed to air pollution, and is essential in helping to slow down the aging process. It helps supply oxygen to the body, thereby increasing endurance. It helps prevent and dissolve blood clots, reduce fatigue, reduce scar formation, accelerate the healing of burns, and even helps to lower blood pressure . It helps prevent miscarriages and stop leg cramps.33 Vitamin E is known to stop various free radical chain reactions dead in their tracks. Vitamin E protects fats from free radical destruction (lipid peroxidation or rancidity) throughout the body. It also prevents red blood cells from sticking together; protects beta carotene from destruction by free radicals (oxidation); helps produce superoxide dismutase.(SOD); helps protect the body from carcinogens, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals; reduces side effects from chemotherapeutic drugs; improves blood flow to the hands and feet; raises levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood; reduces non-cancerous lumps in the breast; helps lessen scarring, internally and externally, after surgery or injury; improves immune function; and reduces hot flashes. Anemia, muscle degeneration, reproductive disorders, incoordination, easy bleeding, and “liver spots” (accumulations of brownish colored pigmentation on skin) are all indicators of Vitamin E deficiency.34
Bioflavonoids (Vitamin P): Quercetin, Hesperidin, and Rutin
Flavonoids are plant pigments that provide the yellow and orange color in citrus. The “P” in vitamin P stands for permeability, and the main function of bioflavonoids is to increase capillary strength, reduce permeability, and regulate absorption. They also assist vitamin C in keeping connective tissues healthy. Bioflavonoids, such as quercetin, hesperidin, and rutin, are indicated in all inflammatory and allergic conditions , for they control the factors involved in these conditions. Quercetin is consistently the most active of the flavonoids and is indicated for all inflammatory and allergic conditions, including asthma, hay fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus, as well as in the treatment of diabetes and cancer.35,36,37 This bioflavonoid inhibits the manufacture and release of histamine and other allergic/inflammatory mediators. It also has proven to be a potent antioxidant. Quercetin has also been shown to be highly effective in reducing diabetic complications, such as cataracts, neuropathy, and retinopathy. It also enhances insulin secretion, protects the pancreatic beta-cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Quercetin has shown significant antitumor activity against many cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, and cancers of the breast, ovaries, colon, and rectum, as well as cancers found in the brain. It has been found that quercetin and rutin not only can slow down cancer, but may reverse cancer cells back to normal healthy cells.38 Quercetin dramatically inhibits the growth of stomach cancer cells in humans.39 Flavonoids possess significant antiviral activity, especially herpes virus type I, para-influenzae 3, polio virus type I, and respiratory syncytial virus. It is suggested for the “common cold”.40 Quercetin is also indicated in capillary fragility, easy bruising and swelling. In order to provide you with a complete compliment of bioflavonoids, Rich Anderson includes 120 mg. of quercetin, 40 mg. of hesperidin and 40 mg. of rutin in his antioxidant formula.
Lipoic acid (Thioctic Acid)
There is probably no other nutrient as important as Lipoic acid, because it is essential for so many different metabolic processes, including cellular metabolism and energy production. After the body has utilized what it needs for metabolism, the excess amounts of lipoic acid are used as antioxidants. One advantage lipoic acid has over other antioxidants is that it is a very small molecule and it is both water- and fat-soluble. As such, it has access to just about every tissue in the body and it is thought to be particularly important in protecting the integrity of neural (brain) tissue.41 It helps to protect the liver and detoxifies tissues of heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, copper and iron. Interacting with vitamins C and E, it helps to conserve them during the onslaught of free radicals. When the body is deficient in lipoic acid, the synergy of other antioxidants is impeded and the network fails. This synergy is even more critical when we are under the influence of disease and stress. Another important activity of lipoic acid is its role as an antioxidant nutrient which helps to protect our bodies from heart disease, cancer, aging and about “eighty other diseases”. Lipoic acid is also a key compound for producing energy in muscles and an important link in the vital antioxidant network. It is an essential “key” that unlocks the energy from food calories. The energy released is available for everything our bodies need to do. Lipoic acid also normalizes blood sugar levels and can reduce the damage that sugar causes. In Europe, lipoic acid is used to treat peripheral neuropathy, or the damage to peripheral nerves caused by diabetes. Some other known benefits of lipoic acid are its ability to improve the physique, combat free radicals, protect our genetic material, slow aging, protect our genetic material and the nervous system and even slow the progression of HIV infection. Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula contains 40 mgs of the highest quality lipoic acid available.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
For antioxidants to work at their peak, the body needs adequate amounts of vitamin B6. In addition to helping the body facilitate the optimal usage of antioxidants, vitamin B6 is essential for the production of antibodies and red blood cells and for the absorption of vitamin B12. According to Preventative Medicine Update (PMU), B6 reduces risk of vascular and heart-related disease. Vitamin B6 has provided significant improvement in immune functions, especially with T3 and T4 lymphocytes.42 There is strong evidence that this vitamin plays an important role in the prevention or reversal of various types of cancers.43 Millimolar levels of pyridoxine and pyridoxal kill melanoma cells and other cell types as well.44 Vitamin B6 may be essential in removing heavy metals. The immune and nervous systems are strongly influenced by B6. This vitamin also assists in DNA/RNA synthesis, fat and protein metabolism, hemoglobin function, and tryptophan metabolism. Tryptophan influences serotonin levels and beneficially influences emotions and mental abilities.45 When vitamin B6 was given to 33 bladder cancer patients, there was a significant reduction in recurrence rates as compared to the control group.46 Clinical studies have shown that vitamin B6 inhibits the growth of various tumors,47 as well as cancer of the liver.48 Vitamin B6 also helps protect against the toxic side effects of radiation treatment for cancer.49 Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula contains 24 mg of vitamin B6.
Co-Enzyme Q 10
Co-Enzyme Q 10 is an enzyme that is essential in the production of energy in cells and is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Though the body manufactures its own CoQ10, it usually produces less with aging, during stress or disease. Any kind of stress increases the demand for more CoQ10, and that includes disease and athletic workouts. Conversely, the less exercise people do, the less efficiently they use CoQ10. When other antioxidants are available in the body, especially adequate amounts of beta carotene, vitamin E, and selenium, CoQ10 works more effectively and can significantly reduce free-radical damage in the liver, kidneys, and heart.50 Studies have shown that CoQ10 significantly helps muscular energy metabolism. It is usually abundant in the heart where it is needed as a source of energy. In a clinical study conducted in Italy, 2,500 patients diagnosed with heart failure were given from 50-150 mgs of CoQ10 daily. After 3 months, it was found that over 70% of the subjects suffered less cyanosis (turning blue from lack of oxygen), edema, sweating, palpitations, and vertigo.51 It has been proven that CoQ10 protects the body from cardiovascular disease and, when used along with vitamins and minerals, has caused breast tumors to reverse and even disappear. Studies have shown that CoQ10 may improve the immune function and increase macrophage activity.52 A two year study involved 32 breast cancer patients who were given 90mg. of CoQ10 daily. At the end of two years all patients were still alive and 6 had partial remissions. One of the six was given 390mg. of CoQ10 daily and within 3 months the tumor was eliminated.53 Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula contains 20 mg of Co-Enzyme Q 10.
Zinc (Zinc L-Monomethione)
Zinc L-monomethionine has been shown to be the preferred form of zinc for both its bioavailability and absorption. Zinc is an essential trace element that is found in nearly all body tissue and in more than 60 different enzymes. In fact, among the trace minerals, only iron is found in greater concentrations. It is a vital element in protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and healthy immune system function. Zinc has also been found to be an excellent natural antioxidant. Like many other antioxidants, stress, infection and physical exercise increase the amount of zinc used by the body and decrease the amount of zinc available to counteract the effects of oxidation and disease. Chronic zinc deficiency has been linked to a number of different problems including skeletal abnormalities, retarded growth in children, decreased productivity of vitamin A (even if there is plenty of vitamin A available), skin disorders, including acne, delayed wound healing, malabsorption syndromes, impotence, hair loss, frequent and severe infections, and greater vulnerability to cancer.54 In addition to preventing the development of the aforementioned disorders, this form of zinc also has been shown to protect cells and tissue from free radical damage by limiting their production, competing with pro-oxidant metals for binding sites, and by protecting molecules that are easily oxidized to form free radicals. According to a study conducted at the University of California Davis, this form of zinc helped to reduced excess levels of superoxide free radicals and to detoxify cellular membranes by displacing heavy metals and toxins from body tissues. Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula includes 20 mg of this form of zinc which is 133% of the recommended daily allowance.
Chromium (ChromeMate - Niacin-bound: Chromium Polynicotinate)
Chromium is an essential trace element required for the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It is a key factor of the glucose tolerance factor or GTF. Chromium works with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into the cell membrane receptor sites. Without chromium, blood sugar levels become elevated because the proper action of insulin is blocked. Chromium supplementation is indicated for the treatment of both diabetes and hypoglycemia. In addition to regulating blood sugar, chromium has also been shown to lower body weight while increasing lean muscle mass, and lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Of the chromium supplements, chelated or niacin-bound chromium is more bioavailable than chromium picolinate or chromium chloride - an inorganic source of chromium. Chromium is actually lost through the urine in response to the consumption of refined foods, strenuous exercise, infections, physical trauma and illness, and emotional stress. Chromium levels also decline as we age. Supplementation of chromium is important for vegetarians in particular, because fruits and vegetables have very low levels of chromium. The minimum suggested amount of chromium is 50 mcg/day. Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula contains 80 mcg of niacin-bound chromium, the most effective available.
Selenium (L-Selenomethionine)
Selenium significantly enhances the activity of vitamin E and is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase, one of the body's most important antioxidant enzymes. In addition, selenium has been shown to have the properties needed to stimulate the immune system; protect the body against peroxide metabolites, radiation and free radicals; detoxify the body of environmental carcinogens; and protect the liver. Selenium deficiency has been associated with AIDS, cancer, arthritis, Crohn’s disease, anemia, MS, asthma, and low sperm counts, as well as other diseases and conditions.55 Even small doses of selenium can significantly enhance the cancer-fighting activity of natural killer cells in laboratory animals.56 Selenium is also essential for glutathione activity and helps protect the liver, kidneys, and pancreas from damage. Selenium appears to have a cancer-protective activity in addition to its antioxidant capacity in lipid metabolism.57 It helps prevent heart disease and cancer and protects the heart, lungs, liver, and blood cells from free radical damage. It is also known to help detoxify chemical carcinogens.58 It can reduce or prevent damage to the body from heavy metals. High dosages, which are the equivalent of 54 mg/daily in humans, produce an 83-90% reduction in the rate of tumor growth in mice.59 In fact, cancer mortality has been shown to be greater in areas where selenium content of soil is low.60,61,62,63 There is a significant inverse correlation of cancer mortality of the breast, ovary, lung and leukemia that has been observed with selenium intake in humans.64 Studies have revealed that maximum reduction in tumor frequency occurs when supplemental selenium is provided throughout life.65 It appears that selenium has the ability to buffer heavy metals and chemotherapeutic drugs; however, these toxic substances can also inactivate or use up the body's supply. Under these conditions, selenium supplementation may be essential.66 Of the different forms of selenium, L-selenomethionine, the organic form of selenium, has been found to be more bioavailable than the inorganic forms of selenium. Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula uses 80 mcg. of the most effective form available - L-Selenomethionine.
L-Cysteine
L-Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and a free radical scavenger. While much of the research has been conducted using the n-acetyl form of cysteine, there have been studies that have shown that L-Cysteine may be more effective than N-acetylcysteine (much of which converts to cysteine in the body), which is a more processed form of cysteine, especially in its ability to convert to glutathione.67 Though there are many beneficial reasons to use L-cysteine, one of the most important is that it is one of the precursors necessary to increase the body's level of glutathione, a tripeptide amino acid vital to the body both as an antioxidant and for its ability to remove toxins, particularly from the liver, lungs and intestines.68 And like glutathione, cysteine has the ability to protect the liver from the harmful effects of toxins, including cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer.69 L-cysteine also helps build muscle, burn fat, and dissolve mucus. It is suspected to be able to repair DNA and, theoretically, extend the life span. It has also been utilized in the removal of heavy metals, such as lead, copper, mercury, cadmium, and cobalt.70 It is so efficient as a detoxifier that it is an effective antidote in protecting the liver from the harmful effects of acetaminophen poisoning and should be recommended for those who regularly use this and other over-the-counter anti-inflammatories.71 It is essential for adequate utilization of B6. It is also a powerful scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, a free radical that can destroy healthy tissue. Cysteine has also been prescribed for specific respiratory conditions because it can liquefy mucus that has thickened in the lungs.72 Finally, there is some evidence that L-Cysteine may be important in the prevention of cancer. It is an important component of Rich Anderson's antioxidant formula.
Glutathione (99% reduced)
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide amino acid comprised of glutamate, cysteine and glycine. It is involved in a number of biologic processes, including transport, metabolism, and protection of the body from both endogenous and exogenous toxins, and is a powerful antioxidant as well.73 It is of particular importance to those organs that are constantly taxed by toxins, drugs, and unhealthy foods including the liver, kidneys, lungs and intestines. In terms of its antioxidant abilities, glutathione not only reduces the amount of free radical damage, it also prevents the depletion of other antioxidants.74 In addition, GSH is also a substrate for other vital antioxidant enzymes, most importantly, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase which assists in the liver's metabolism of toxins.75,76 For this reason, GSH is imperative to the health of the liver and the other organs of the body. In fact, clinical studies have shown that GSH protects the liver against the harmful, cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation.77 In addition, glutathione helps metabolize carcinogens, activates certain immune cells, and may assist in the inhibition of angiogenesis, a blood-vessel-forming process necessary for tumor growth.78 It has also been shown that there is a direct correlation between liver disease in chronic alcoholics and depleted levels of GSH, and decreased levels have been found in a number of other disease states, including, HIV, pulmonary disease, cancer, Parkinson's disease, and kidney dysfunction.79 On the other hand, higher levels of GSH have been associated with good health. In a study conducted by Julius et al, GSH levels were measured in 33 people ranging between 60 and 79 years of age. They found that there was a direct relationship between higher GSH levels and increasing age with good health, and less disease, than that of the age-matched subjects with lower GSH levels.80 As more and more research is done on this remarkable amino acid, Rich Anderson believes it will provide even more evidence of how vital GSH is to good health.
MORE ANTIOXIDANT SCIENCE: The Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia initiated a study to examine the effects of “Combination Antioxidant Therapy” on longevity and neuropathology in mice. They concluded that combination of antioxidants did increased longevity and may be therapeutically effective in treating neurodegenerative disease.
The Antioxidants mentioned in this study were: vitamin C, particularly ascorbyl palmitate, vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, Pycnogenol, and lipoic acid.
Veurink G, Liu D, Taddei K, Perry G, Smith MA, Robertson TA, Hone E, Groth DM, Atwood CS, Martins RN. Reduction of inclusion body pathology in ApoE-deficient mice fed a combination of antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Apr 15;34(8):1070-7.
Cornell University's Department of Neurology and Neuroscience announced that studies have shown acetyl-L-carnitine, creatine, coenzyme Q 10, Ginkgo biloba, niacinamide (niacin or vitamin B3), and acetyl-L-carnitine are promising candidates as neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease.
Beal MF. Bioenergetic approaches for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;53 Suppl 3:S39-47; discussion S47-8.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, had this to say about using natural antioxidants during treatment of pancreatitis and three patients they treated: “Combination therapy with selenium, beta-carotene, methionine, and vitamins C and E are known to improve symptoms of chronic and recurrent pancreatitis. Treatment with narcotic analgesics and pancreatic enzyme supplements had failed to control their symptoms. The addition of a commercially available IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (commercially known as ActiVin ) to their treatment regimen led to a reduction in the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain as well as resolution of vomiting in 1 patient.
Banerjee B, Bagchi D. Beneficial effects of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Digestion. 2001;63(3):203-6.
Comments after a study at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver: “Our results indicate the potential of developing grape seed extract as an effective cancer therapeutic agent, both alone and in combination with TNFalpha-based chemotherapy of advanced human prostate carcinoma might prove to be a more effective and less toxic alternative in clinical therapy of PCA.”
Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway in grape seed extract-induced apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. Int J Oncol. 2003 Sep;23(3):721-7.
Medical Center, School of Pharmacy and Creighton University Health Professions, in Omaha reported that Grape seed extract supplementation improved cardiac functional assessment including post-ischemic left ventricular function, reduced myocardial infarct size, reduced ventricular fibrillation, and tachycardia, decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species, and reduced malondialdehyde formation in the heart perfusate. These results demonstrate that Grape seed extract may serve as a potential therapeutic tool in promoting cardiovascular health via a number of novel mechanisms.
Bagchi D, Sen CK, Ray SD, Das DK, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Vinson JA. Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mutat Res. 2003 Feb-Mar;523-524:87-97.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, apparently discovered exactly how grape seed extract inhibits and actually kills prostate cancer cells.
Tyagi A, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Grape seed extract inhibits EGF-induced and constitutively active mitogenic signaling but activates JNK in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells: possible role in antiproliferation and apoptosis. Oncogene. 2003 Mar 6;22(9):1302-16.
A study designed to observe the anti-atherosclerosis effect of the grape seed extract and its mechanism, concluded that grape seed extract is effective against atherosclerosis in mice.
Hu, Wang SE, Zhao C, Xu G. Study of anti-atherosclerosic effect of grape seed extract and its mechanism. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2002 Aug;31(4):263-5.
Another study indicated that grape seed extract is effective on the inhibition of lipid peroxide and on the protection of liver from injury caused by lipid peroxidation.
Guo Y, Cai X, Chen Q, Li W. Anti-lipoperoxidation of grape seed extracts in vitro. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2002 Feb;31(1):28-30.
Grape products, rich in polyphenolics, inhibit platelet aggregation, a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Shanmuganayagam D, Beahm MR, Osman HE, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Folts JD. Grape seed and grape skin extracts elicit a greater antiplatelet effect when used in combination than when used individually in dogs and humans. J Nutr. 2002 Dec;132(12):3592-8.
Flavonoids and related polyphenols, in addition to their cardioprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-allergic activities, also possess promising anti-HIV effects.
Nair MP, Kandaswami C, Mahajan S, Nair HN, Chawda R, Shanahan T, Schwartz SA. Grape seed extract proanthocyanidins downregulate HIV-1 entry coreceptors, CCR2b, CCR3 and CCR5 gene expression by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biol Res. 2002;35(3-4):421-31.
Results of a study done at University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, suggest that Grape seed extract possibly causes mitochondrial damage resulting in death of human prostate cancer cells.
Agarwal C, Singh RP, Agarwal R. Grape seed extract induces apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via caspases activation accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Nov;23(11):1869-76.
These results suggested that procyanidins and their antioxidative metabolites, found in grape seed extract, prevented the progression of cataract formation by their antioxidative action. The larger molecular procyanidins in the grape seed extract might contribute this anticataract activity. Yamakoshi J, Saito M, Kataoka S, Tokutake S. Procyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds prevents cataract formation in hereditary cataractous (ICR/f) rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Aug 14;50(17):4983-8.
Grape seed extract is highly bioavailable and may serve as a potential therapeutic tool in protecting multiple target organs from structurally diverse drug- and chemical-induced toxicity.
Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs S, Ray SD, Sen CK, Preuss HG. Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 May;957:260-70.
Results from a study at the University of Illinois, revealed that grape seed extract may very well be effective against colon cancer.
Singletary KW, Meline B. Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on colon aberrant crypts and breast tumors in a rat dual-organ tumor model. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(2):252-8.
Studies with Grape seed extract on breast cancer at AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, were so astonishing that they strongly encouraged more extensive studies in preventive and/or interventive agents against breast cancer in humans.
Agarwal C, Sharma Y, Zhao J, Agarwal R. A polyphenolic fraction from grape seeds causes irreversible growth inhibition of breast carcinoma MDA-MB468 cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases activation and inducing G1 arrest and differentiation. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Jul;6(7):2921-30.
Methanol and 70% methanol extracts of grape seed selectively killed two human oral tumor cell lines, more efficiently than human gingival fibroblasts.
Shirataki Y, Kawase M, Saito S, Kurihara T, Tanaka W, Satoh K, Sakagami H, Motohashi N. Selective cytotoxic activity of grape peel and seed extracts against oral tumor cell lines. Anticancer Res. 2000 Jan-Feb;20(1A):423-6.
Footnotes for part one:
1Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, by Maryce M. Jacobs, pg. 105
2Hamdorf, G. Thioctic Acid - A Rational Study for the Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy,Experimental Clinical Endocrinology And Diabetes, vol 104, pg. 126-127, 1995.
3Packer, L., Tritshchler, H.J., Wessel, K. Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha-lipoic Acid. Free Radic Biol Med. vol 22(1-2), pg. 359-378, 1997.
4Hruby, K. Deathcap Fungus Poisoning. Intensivmed., vol 24 pg. 269-274.
5Milk Thistle. The Liver Herb, by Christopher Hobbs, pg. 5
6Muzes, G, et al. Effects of Silymarin (Legalon) Treatment on the Antioxidant Defense System and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients With Chronic Alcoholic Liver Disease. A Double Blind Study. Orvosi Hetilap . vol 131, pg 86, 1990.
7Feher, J. et al. Hepatoprotective Activity of silymarin (Legalon) Therapy in Patients with Chronic Alcoholic Liver Disease. Orvosi Hetilap ., vol 130, pg. 2723, 1989.
8 Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 10.
9Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 34.
10 Deodhar, S.D. et al. Preliminary studies on anti-rheumatic activity of curcumin. Ind. J. Med. Resl, vol 71, pg 632, 1980
11Curcuminoids - antioxidant phytonutrients, by Muhammed Majeed, Ph.D., Vladimir Badmaev, M.D., Ph.D., Uma Shivakumar, Ph.D., R. Rajendran, M.S., page 12.
12Ibid
13Ibid
14Ibid
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16 Copeland, R. Et al. (1994). Curcumin therapy in HIV-infected patients initially increased CD-4 and CD-8 counts. Int. Conf. AIDS, Abst. No. PB0876. 17Soni, K.B. et al. Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin, Cancer Lett., 66, 115, 1992
18Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine , Murray, M., Pizzorno, J.. pg. 133-134.
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21Pietri, S. , Seguin, J.R., d’Arbigny P, Drieu, K., Culcas, M. Ginkgo biloba Extract (Egb 761) pretreatment Limits Free Radical-induced Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery. Cardiovascular Drugs Ther. vol 11(2), pg. 121-131, 1997.
22Facino, R.M. et al. Free Radicals Scavenging Action and Anti-enzyme Activities of Procyanidines from Vitis Vinifera. A Mechanism for Their Capillary Protective Action. Arzneim-Forsch, vol. 44, pg 592-601, 1994
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33 Earl Mindell’s Vitamin Bible, 1991
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40 Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, by Michael T. Murray, N.D. page 324 - 331
41Packer, L. Tritschler, H.J., Wessel, K. Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha-lipoic Acid. Free Radic Biol Med. vol 22(1-2), pg 359-378, 1997.
42 Talbott, MC, et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 46, p.659, 1987
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63 Yu, S.Y., Chu, Y.J., Gong,X.L., Hou, C., Li, W.G., Gong, H.M., and Xie, J.R., Regional variation of cancer mortality incidence and its relation to selenium levels in China, Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 7, 21, 1985
64 Schrauzer, G.N., White, D.A., and Schneider, C.J., Cancer mortality correlation studies. IV. Associations with dietary intakes and blood levels of certain trace elements, notable Se-antagonists, Bioinorg. Chem., 7, 35, 1977
65Vitamins and Minerals in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, by Maryce M. Jacobs, pg. 104.
66 Schrauzer, G.N. “Selenium in Nutritional Cancer Prophylaxis: An Update.” Vitamins, Nutrition and Cancer, edited by Prosad, K. N. (Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1984)
67Ibid
68Lomaestro, B. and Margaret Malone. Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmoctherapeutic Issues, The Annnals of Pharmacotherapy, vol 29, pg 1263, 1995.
69Palermo, MS, et al., International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.8, no.6, p.651, 1986
70Rueben, C. Antioxidants: Your Complete Guide. Pg 170.
71Ibid, pg 57
72Jepsen, S. et al. Antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine during adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective, radomized, placebo-controlled study. Critical Care Medicine , vol 20 (7), 918-923, 1992.
73Ibid
74An Alternative Medicine DefinitiveGuide to Cancer, by W. John Diamond, M.D., W. Lee Cowden, M.D., and Burton Goldberg, pg, 868
75 Ibid
76Toborek, M.; Henning, B. Fatty acid-mediated effects on the glutathione redox cycle in cultured endothelial cells. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol 5, 59-60, 1994.
77Ibid
78Boik, J. Amino Acids. Cancer and Natural Medicine: aA Texbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research. Pg 139-140.
79Ibid
80Julius, M, Lang, C.A., Gleiberman, L., DiFranceisco, W., Schork, A. Glutathione and Morbidity in a Community-based Sample of Elderly. J. Clin Epidemiol., vol 47, 1021-1026, 1994.
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